What is the North Dakota Department of Corrections?

The North Dakota Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (DOCR) is the state’s primary correctional agency, managing approximately 1,900 inmates across multiple facilities, including the North Dakota State Penitentiary and James River Correctional Center. Under constitutional principles and landmark Supreme Court decisions, the DOCR implements comprehensive rehabilitation programs, security protocols, and inmate services with an annual budget exceeding $90 million. The agency, led by a governor-appointed director, maintains strict oversight of facility operations while focusing on public safety and inmate rehabilitation and reduces recidivism through evidence-based practices. Understanding the DOCR’s structure discloses its vital role in North Dakota’s criminal justice system.

Core Mission and Constitutional Authority

The North Dakota Department of Corrections operates within a constitutional framework that underscores the importance of inmate rights and public safety. The Eighth Amendment, prohibiting cruel and unusual punishment, sets a foundational legal standard that has influenced significant Supreme Court decisions. It establishes that inmates are entitled to healthcare and confirms due process rights for inmates facing disciplinary actions.

These landmark rulings have profoundly shaped policies within correctional systems across the United States, establishing essential rights that ensure humane treatment. Under Barnes County jurisdiction, the Valley City facility exemplifies the state’s commitment to maintaining constitutional standards. Director Dave Krabbenhoft oversees the implementation of these constitutional requirements across all facilities.

The North Dakota correctional system manages approximately 1,900 inmates, evidencing a gradual decline in numbers over the last five years, with an average annual decrease of about 2%. A demographic breakdown reveals that approximately 70% of the inmate population is male, with 25% identified as individuals of color.

The state maintains several major facilities, including the North Dakota State Penitentiary, which has 1,400 inmates, and the James River Correctional Center, which can hold 200 inmates. These facilities are integral to the state’s efforts to implement rehabilitative programs and maintain safety standards.

Financially, the North Dakota Department of Corrections operates on an annual budget exceeding $90 million. To reduce recidivism, this budget allocates roughly $25 million for rehabilitation programs, including education, vocational training, and mental health services.

Collaborations with local organizations and community groups underscore efforts in these areas, which aim to foster the successful reintegration of inmates into society.

A governor-appointed official directs the department, requiring candidates to have a bachelor’s degree and significant management expertise. This leadership guides establishing stringent policies and comprehensive oversight mechanisms across the state’s correctional facilities.

Each facility undergoes periodic inspections to ensure compliance with state regulations, focusing on security, safety, and the provision of inmate services.

As the North Dakota Department of Corrections continues to navigate the challenges of a dynamic correctional environment, it remains committed to its constitutional mandate to protect the public, provide adequate healthcare, and offer opportunities for rehabilitation.

This dual focus on accountability and recovery reflects an ongoing dedication to improving the overall efficiency and humanity of the state’s correctional system.

How Does NDDOCR Govern Its Prison System?

The North Dakota Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (DOCR) operates within a defined hierarchical structure to enhance governance and oversight of the state’s correctional facilities. At the top of this structure is the DOCR Director, who holds significant authority over all correctional institutions and associated programs. Appointed by the Governor of North Dakota, the director serves a term of four years, with the possibility of reappointment. The statutory framework empowering the director is encapsulated within North Dakota Century Code § 12-44.1-04, which outlines the director’s responsibilities for policy establishment and system-wide management.

The deputy director supports the director, who oversees daily operations and assists in strategic planning. This position ensures that departmental initiatives align with the director’s overarching goals.

Additionally, the administrative structure includes division chiefs for adult and juvenile services, who report directly to the director. This further streamlines operations and enables focused oversight.

North Dakota law mandates that the DOCR adhere to a comprehensive framework for facility inspections, as outlined in North Dakota Administrative Code § 94-01-01. Regular audits ensure compliance with established standards, and each facility must submit self-reports detailing operational conditions.

The division of adult services plays a crucial role in managing facility operations and is tasked with implementing a strategic prison population management plan. This plan guides admissions based on facility capacity and prioritizes sentencing factors, exemplifying a structured approach to inmate management.

The DOCR’s commitment to rehabilitation and inmate services is evidenced by the policies enacted across various correctional facilities, including the state penitentiary and the youth correctional center. Through systematic evaluations, the DOCR assesses both the efficacy of correctional programs and the living conditions within facilities.

Fixed criteria guide resource allocation, ensuring that rehabilitation programs meet the needs of both adult and juvenile populations.

Oversight mechanisms involve a Corrections Advisory Board that meets regularly to review policies and operational strategies. Voting procedures are outlined in North Dakota Administration Code § 54-17.2-02. Board decisions influence policy implementation and can lead to significant reforms that enhance the corrections system.

The collective governance structure fosters a unified criminal justice approach, prioritizing rehabilitation while maintaining accountability throughout the correctional system.

NDDOCR Operational Standards and Oversight

Facility classification within the North Dakota Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (DOCR) is guided by a precise set of criteria encompassing security levels, staffing ratios, and physical infrastructure standards. Facilities are categorized into distinct security classifications—minimum, medium, and maximum—each with specific requirements.

For instance, minimum-security facilities generally accommodate less dangerous offenders and require a staffing ratio of 1:30 during daytime hours to ensure adequate supervision. In contrast, maximum-security facilities house more violent offenders and necessitate a higher staffing ratio, such as 1:10, along with reinforced infrastructure, including secure perimeters and controlled access points.

Strict security protocols underpin daily operations in these facilities. For example, inmates in maximum-security environments are subject to controlled movements, including routine searches and surveillance monitoring. This level of oversight is critical to maintaining safety and order within the facility.

Secure housing units, access to rehabilitation programs, and nutrition standards that comply with the North Dakota Century Code (N.D.C.C.) § 12-44.1-24, which addresses inmate care, are mandatory requirements for each facility type.

The classification review process is systematic and occurs at regular intervals. Facilities must conduct internal evaluations to assess compliance with security levels and operational standards.

For example, on June 1, 2022, the DOCR implemented a revised classification system requiring facilities to submit detailed self-assessment reports every six months. These reports facilitate transparency and accountability, allowing for adjustments based on the evolving needs of the inmate population and security requirements.

Recent legislative mandates have significantly influenced operational practices. Senate Bill 2109, enacted on April 15, 2023, introduced provisions for enhanced emergency preparedness, requiring all facilities to conduct quarterly drills and maintain updated emergency response plans.

Facilities are now compelled to document these drills meticulously and submit reports to DOCR, ensuring compliance with the updated statutory framework.

DOCR also oversees the maintenance and operation of emergency apparatuses. Each facility must adhere to the requirements outlined in N.D.C.C. § 12-44.1-24 regarding the upkeep of fire safety equipment and ensure that staff is adequately trained in emergency procedures.

Facilities can demonstrate their adherence to the necessary standards through routine inspections and internal audits, fostering a culture of safety and preparedness.

What Services Does NDDOCR Provide?

The North Dakota Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (DOCR) is committed to addressing individuals’ medical and mental health needs in its facilities. The infrastructure supporting these services includes a network of healthcare professionals dedicated to providing quality care. A comprehensive approach ensures that residents receive medical evaluations, treatment plans, and ongoing support.

Key features of the mental health services offered include:

• Access to mental health assessments and counseling.
• Medication management for diagnosed conditions.
• Crisis intervention services are available 24/7.

This robust mental health framework is complemented by tailored substance abuse treatment programs that focus on the unique needs of each individual. The emphasis is on equipping residents with the skills to overcome addiction and lead productive lives. The programs, including group therapy and one-on-one counseling, have shown promising outcomes, such as improved coping mechanisms and reduced relapse rates.

Additionally, nutritional services are a critical component of overall health within the system. The department ensures residents receive balanced meals to promote wellness, which includes:

• Nutritionally planned menus developed by dietitians.
• Special dietary accommodations for medical needs.
• Education on healthy eating habits.

Beyond health services, rehabilitation initiatives are vital in preparing residents for reintegration. DOCR’s programs enhance life skills, promote personal development, and support successful community return.

Available services are diverse and aim to reduce recidivism rates while fostering self-sufficiency. Some of the rehabilitation services include:

• Life skills training programs covering financial management and communication.
• Vocational training to assist in job readiness and employment search.
• Educational opportunities, including GED preparation.

The comprehensive structure and programs developed under the DOCR reflect a commitment to rehabilitation and support for those in the correctional system. This multi-faceted approach aims to create a pathway for individuals to develop healthier lifestyles, engage constructively with their communities, and ultimately succeed post-incarceration.

How Does the NDDOCR Support Families & Visitors?

The North Dakota Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (NDDOCR) has established a comprehensive visitor support infrastructure to facilitate and enhance family connections during incarceration. Visitors must adhere to specific visitation protocols, including a pre-approval process. All visitors must provide a valid government-issued ID upon arrival. The department outlines precise scheduling requirements, including that visits must be arranged at least one week in advance—the department partners with the Nurturing Families Program to provide parenting education and strengthen family bonds during incarceration.

Visiting hours vary by facility, and the following table summarizes essential details regarding visitation schedules:

Onsite visitation is supported through visitor processing centers equipped with various amenities. Comfortable waiting areas, accessible restrooms, and child play areas enhance the experience for families, ensuring a welcoming environment for all visitors. Each facility accommodates elderly and disabled individuals with special provisions, including accessible entrance ramps and seating arrangements.

The inmate location system enables families to track their loved ones efficiently. NDDOCR provides an online platform where family members can search for inmates by name or identification number. The platform notifies users of changes in an inmate’s status, including transfers to different facilities or release dates, ensuring families stay informed during their loved one’s incarceration.

The communication systems further support family connections. Inmates can make phone calls through a prepaid system, costing approximately $0.25 per minute. Video visitation platforms are also available, allowing families to connect with inmates via scheduled video calls. These video visits provide flexibility and convenience, allowing multiple family members to participate simultaneously.

In addition to phone and video communication, inmates can exchange mail. All incoming and outgoing mail is screened to maintain security. Families can expect a mail processing time of about 3-5 business days. Electronic messaging systems are also an option, enabling faster communication at a nominal fee, typically around $0.50 per message.

How are North Dakota Prisons Managed?

The North Dakota Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (DOCR) employs a detailed classification and assessment system to ensure the effective management of inmates within its facilities. This system is crucial for determining the appropriate security level for each inmate and is essential for maintaining safety and order in correctional environments.

The initial classification begins at the point of intake, utilizing a comprehensive assessment tool known as the Static-99R, which evaluates the risk of sexual and violent recidivism using a scoring mechanism. Inmates are scored based on various factors, such as age, prior offenses, and relationship history, with a specific weight assigned to each element. For instance, younger people receive higher weights because it correlates with increased risk, while prior relationship stability lowers risk scores. A total score can indicate a security level ranging from low to high, ultimately categorizing inmates into distinct classifications, such as Grade One or Grade Two facilities.

In addition to the Static-99R, psychological evaluations are conducted upon admission. Licensed psychologists assess mental health status and its potential implications for behavior during incarceration. These evaluations are documented using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2), which provides insights into personality traits that may predict interactions with staff and other inmates.

The classification process is not static. Inmates undergo reclassification every six months or sooner if significant behavioral changes are observed. Reclassification considers behavior-based metrics, such as disciplinary infractions and participation in rehabilitation programs. An inmate who demonstrates good behavior and consistent participation in educational or vocational training can earn reclassification to a less restrictive security level.

Specific personnel play critical roles in this continuous assessment cycle. Correctional case managers gather data on behavior and programming engagement, while a classification committee, including a psychologist, determines the security level based on the compiled information. A documented example of this process involves an inmate who participated in a substance abuse program and maintained a clean disciplinary record, subsequently moving from a Grade One facility to a Grade Two facility, reflecting an improved security classification.

Validation studies have substantiated the effectiveness of these assessment tools. According to a National Institute of Justice study, scores obtained through the Static-99R correlate significantly with recidivism rates, demonstrating its potential to inform credible placement decisions.

Integrating these assessment and classification methodologies enhances operational efficiency and optimizes inmate management and safety. This ensures that each individual is housed in an environment that matches their assessed needs and risks. The DOCR upholds a structured and responsive system through rigorous adherence to these protocols, which are central to achieving rehabilitation and public safety goals.

What Career Opportunities Does the NDDOCR Offer?

The North Dakota Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation provides a structured training academy program to equip new correctional officers with essential skills and knowledge. This 160-hour program includes instruction in critical emergency management, communication techniques, and conflict resolution. It occurs at the Corrections Training Academy in Bismarck, where recruits engage in classroom learning and practical hands-on training.

Physical fitness is a key training component, and rigorous standards are incorporated. Recruits must pass a physical fitness assessment, which includes completing a 1.5-mile run in under 15 minutes, 50 sit-ups within two minutes, and 30 push-ups in two minutes. These benchmarks ensure that officers are physically capable of handling the demands of their roles.

Field training follows the initial academy training, consisting of a structured phase that lasts approximately 12 weeks. New officers work alongside experienced staff, learning operational protocols and crisis management techniques. Performance evaluations occur throughout this phase, focusing on observational skills, decision-making, and adherence to safety procedures. Recruits must demonstrate proficiency in their duties to complete this program.

Continuing education is an integral part of career development. All employees are required to complete at least 40 hours of training annually. Mandatory courses include updates on legal standards, crisis intervention techniques, and mental health awareness. Employees can pursue specialized certifications, such as in behavior management or substance abuse counseling, which typically require an additional 30 hours of focused training. Officers must complete 43 hours of training each year after their first service.

Career advancement within the department is supported by ongoing training and mentoring. Positions such as security supervisors or specialized rehabilitation roles often require a minimum of two years of service and completion of specific leadership training programs. These programs cover advanced topics in corrections management, conflict resolution, and supervisory practices. Salary opportunities increase significantly with advancement, where skilled supervisors can earn up to $80,000 or more, depending on expertise and tenure.

Moreover, the department recognizes the value of veteran skills through a distinct preference in hiring and promotion processes. Employees are encouraged to take advantage of support programs that promote mental health and financial resilience, ensuring a balanced and fulfilling career in corrections. With a career trajectory that combines professional growth and competitive benefits within a stable 24/7 operational framework, the North Dakota Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation remains a prominent employer for those interested in impactful and rewarding careers.

Frequently Asked Questions

What Is the Average Length of Prison Sentences in North Dakota?

According to sentencing data, North Dakota’s average prison sentence is 13 years. However, dietary minimums and sentencing laws increased the time served by 20% between 2004 and 2014.

How Many Inmates Are Currently Incarcerated in North Dakota Prisons?

Based on the most recent data, North Dakota prisons currently house 1,779 male and approximately 200 female inmates, totaling around 1,979 individuals across state penitentiaries and correctional facilities.

What Percentage of North Dakota Inmates Return to Prison After Release?

According to state data, North Dakota’s recidivism rate dropped from 22.8% in 2015 to 13% in 2018, though federal reporting indicates a higher rate of 35% for returning inmates.

Which North Dakota Prison Facility Has the Highest Security Level?

The North Dakota State Penitentiary in Bismarck is the state’s highest-security facility. It houses both maximum- and medium-security inmates.

How Much Does It Cost Taxpayers per Inmate Annually in North Dakota?

Based on the provided background information, the specific annual cost per inmate data for North Dakota is unavailable, though the national average for state prison inmates was $33,274 in 2015.